af- 表示把动作施加出去:做出影响或情感表现,发展为影响、感情和做作。
af- · 施加到对象
词族详情
共同核心义:做,制作
WORD FAMILY MAP
沿词根变体和核心动作理解现代词义,只保留容易复述的记忆主线。
= 做,制作
af- · 施加到对象
con- / ef- · 做出结果
de- / in- / per- · 做的方向与完成程度
补充复合、词性转换、缩略、拼写变体等非派生树关系。
infection 与 infect 具有可分析的构词联系,直接派生方向仍待核实。
infectious 与 infection 具有可分析的构词联系,直接派生方向仍待核实。
perfection 与 perfect 具有可分析的构词联系,直接派生方向仍待核实。
defection 与 defect 具有可分析的构词联系,直接派生方向仍待核实。
词源说明源自拉丁语 facere“做、制作”,其过去分词 factus 在复合词中形成 -fect-,施事名词 factor 则保留为“做事者、促成者”的形式。
CORE WORDS
对照词性、释义和例句,选中英文可提问。
| 单词 | 词性 / 发音 | 常用意思 | 一句话记忆 | 经典例句 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
affect | v. | 影响;假装 | af-向 + fect做,对…施加影响;也指做出某种姿态 | The weather can affect your mood. |
affected | adj. | 受影响的;做作的 | affect的过去分词,形容被影响或矫揉造作 | She spoke in an affected manner. |
affection | n. | 喜爱,感情 | affect + -ion,对某人施加情感的影响 | He showed great affection for his children. |
affectation | n. | 假装,矫饰 | affect + -ation,故意做出的姿态 | His British accent is an affectation. |
affective | adj. | 情感的,感情的 | affect + -ive,与情感相关的 | Affective disorders include depression. |
confection | n. | 甜点,糖果 | con-一起 + fect做,一起做出来的食品 | She bought a box of confections. |
effect | n. | 效果,影响 | ex-出来 + fect做,做出来的结果 | The new law took effect immediately. |
effective | adj. | 有效的,生效的 | effect + -ive,能产生效果的 | This medicine is very effective. |
efficient | adj. | 高效的,效率高的 | ex-出来 + fic做 + -ent,能做出成果的 | She is an efficient worker. |
effectuate | v. | 使实施,实现 | effect + -uate,使效果成为现实 | They effectuated the plan. |
factor2 个义项 | n./ˈfæktər/ | 因素;要素 | 促成事情发生的东西就是因素 | Weather was a major factor in the decision. |
| n./ˈfæktər/ | 因子;因数 | 数学中能“做出”一个数的组成部分 | Three is a factor of twelve. | |
defect | n. | 缺陷,瑕疵 | de-离开 + fect做,做得偏离,即瑕疵 | The product has a major defect. |
defection | n. | 叛变,背叛 | defect的名词,指背离原来的组织 | The defection of the general shocked the army. |
infect | v. | 感染,传染 | in-进入 + fect做,进入体内做坏事 | The virus can infect humans. |
infection | n. | 感染,传染病 | infect + -ion,感染的状态 | The wound caused a serious infection. |
infectious | adj. | 传染的,有感染力的 | infect + -ious,易传染的 | Laughter is infectious. |
perfect | adj. | 完美的,极好的 | per-完全 + fect做,完全做好的 | The weather is perfect today. |
perfection | n. | 完美,完善 | perfect + -ion,完美的状态 | She strives for perfection in her work. |
MORE IN THIS FAMILY
这些词不在原始清单中,但共享同一条词源线索。
工厂,制造厂
fact做 + -ory地方,制造的地方
事实,真相
fact做,已做的事即事实
时尚,方式
fact的变体,做出的样式
可行的
fac做 + -ible能…的,能做成的
特征,特点
fact的变体,做出来的显著部分
不足的,有缺陷的
de-离开 + fic做 + -ient,做得不够
熟练,精通
pro-向前 + fic做 + -iency,做得好的能力
USEFUL PHRASES
用真实高频搭配记住这些词在句子里的自然用法。
影响某人的情绪
Lack of sleep can affect your mood the next day.
表达对某人的喜爱
The child showed great affection for her grandparents.
生效;开始产生作用
The new safety rules will take effect next month.
对……产生影响
Exercise has a positive effect on your mental health.
非常有效
This treatment is highly effective against the infection.
非常适合……
This lightweight jacket is perfect for hiking.
ONE STORY, ONE FAMILY
用一个有意义的场景串起这组词和它们的细微差别。
A young pianist's affection for music was infectious, but a defect in her finger movement affected her performance. She sought perfection, practicing endlessly. The effect was not flawless notes, but deep emotion. She learned that true art comes from embracing imperfection.
一位年轻钢琴家对音乐的热爱具有感染力,但手指动作的缺陷影响了她的演奏。她追求完美,无休止地练习。效果不是无瑕的音符,而是深切的情感。她领悟到真正的艺术来自拥抱不完美。
ONE LINE TO KEEP
最后用一条线索收束整组关系。
做、制作 → 前缀改变动作方向或完成程度 → 形成影响、结果、促成因素、偏离、感染与彻底完成。